![]() “ A theory of coupled diffusion and large deformation in polymeric gels,” Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 56(5), 1779–1793. “ Inhomogeneous swelling of a gel in equilibrium with a solvent and mechanical load,” International Journal of Solids and Structures 46(17), 3282–3289. “ Two-dimensional chemo-elasticity under chemical equilibrium,” International Journal of Solids and Structures 56–57, 126–135. “ A path-independent integral for fracture of solids under combined electrochemical and mechanical loadings,” Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 71, 1–14. “ A chemo-mechanics framework for elastic solids with surface stress,” Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Science 471(2182), 20150366. “ A mathematical model for electrical impedance spectroscopy of zwitterionic hydrogels,” Soft Matter 12(33), 7028–7037. “ Simulation of the transient behavior of gels based on an analogy between diffusion and heat transfer,” Journal of Applied Mechanics 80(4), 041017. “ Thermosensitive hydrogel loaded with chitosan-carbon nanotubes for near infrared light triggered drug delivery,” Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces 154, 253–262. Dong, X., Wei, C., Liang, J., Liu, T., Kong, D.“ Gel dynamics,” Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 78(5), 052001. “ A coupled theory of fluid permeation and large deformations for elastomeric materials,” Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 58(11), 1879–1906. “ A finite element implementation of a fully coupled mechanical–chemical theory,” International Journal of Applied Mechanics 9(3) 1750040. “ PoroViscoElastic model to describe hydrogels’ behavior,” Materials Science and Engineering C 76, 102–113. The chemical potential in the sphere could be affected by both of them. The results showed that the deformation of the sphere and species diffusion was not independent, but interacts with each other. The analytical expressions of concentration and displacement were obtained, and the variations of stresses, concentration, displacement and chemical potential with time were deduced. Using the symmetry of the spherical structure, the chemo-mechanical coupled governing equation was simplified, and then analytically solved by the separation variable method. Then we considered a case of a sphere with symmetrical boundary and initial conditions, and the diffusion conducted along the radial direction. The governing equations of chemo-mechanical coupling model were established by combining the force balance equation with the Fick diffusion equation. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the highly cross-linked cylindrical gel rod with macroporous structure showed rapid bending deformation due to the asymmetric light irradiation.In this paper, a thermodynamically consistent chemo-thermo-mechanical coupled constitutive relationship is developed based on the local energy conservation equation, the entropy inequality and mass conservation equation, and the constitutive relation for chemo-mechanical coupled problem was degraded when the temperature was kept constant. It was found that the fastest photo- and thermo-responsive shrinking was observed for loosely crosslinked porous hydrogels. The time dependence of bending deformation due to the asymmetric light irradiation as well as kinetics of shrinking has been measured. Both photo- and thermo-responsive properties of gels have been investigated and compared. Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) gels were functionalized with photo-responsive spirobenzopyran and solvent/nonsolvent mixtures were used as swelling agent to introduce network heterogeneities during the gelation process. Since any technical application of polymer gels critically depends on the response rate, therefore porous hydrogels have been prepared in order to accelerate the response reaction. ![]() ![]() Novel hydrogels that shrink in response to light irradiation and temperature change have been developed.
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